-Active learning is more
effective than passive learning.
-Learning requires focused
attention, and awareness of the importance of what is to be learned.
-Learning is more effective
and efficient when learners have explicit, reasonable, positive goals, and
when their goals fit well with the teacher's goals.
-To be remembered, new
information must be meaningfully connected to prior knowledge, and it must
first be remembered in order to be learned.
-Unlearning what is already
known is often more difficult than learning new information.
-Information organized in
personally meaningful ways is more likely to be retained, learned, and
used.
-Learners need feedback on
their learning, early and often, to learn well, to become independent,
they need to learn how to give themselves feedback.
-The ways in which learners
are assessed and evaluated powerfully affect the ways they study and
learn.
-Mastering a skill or a body
of knowledge takes great amounts of time and effort.
-Learning to transfer, to
apply previous knowledge and skills to new contexts, requires a great deal
of practice.
-High expectations encourage
high achievement.
-To be most effective,
teachers need to balance levels of intellectual challenge and
instructional support.
-Motivation to learn is
alterable; it can be positively or negatively affected by the task, the
environment, the teacher, and the learner.
-Interaction between teachers
and learners is one of the most powerful factors in promoting learning;
interaction among learners is another.
